dswcpunjab

The Annual gross replenishable ground water resources in Punjab state as on 01-4-1998 is 18192 MCM, the highest being 3023.8 MCM in Ferozepur district and the least in Kapurthala district being 359.70 MCM. The net ground water draft in the State is 16101.95 MCM, the highest being 2120.75 MCM in Sangrur district and 140.61 MCM, the lowest in Muktsar district. The ground water balance has been worked out at administrative block levels and then added to obtain district wise figures. The over exploitation committee has suggested that only 85% of the gross recharge may be considered for utilization for irrigation purposes. However, in the case of Punjab, this has been taken as 90%. Thus in Punjab, the available ground water resources for irrigation work out to be 16373 MCM and 16102 MCM is the net draft thus leaving a ground water balance of 271 MCM at 90% utilization.The level of ground water development is worked out by determining the percentage of draft with respect to utilizable recharge and is equal to 98% for Punjab. The level of development is not uniform in the state and varies from 14.12% in Muktsar district to 251.86% in Moga district. The districts of Amritsar, Fatehgarh Sahib, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Moga, Patiala and Sangrur are over developed and fall in the Dark Category (stage of ground water development more than 85%). In the districts of Nawanshahr, the state of ground water development is 97%. The Bathinda and Gurdaspur districts falls under 'Grey' Category (ground water development between 65% and 85%) and Ropar, Muktsar, Mansa, Faridkot, Ferozepur and Hoshiarpur districts comes under 'White' category as the state of ground water development is less than 65%.The potential available for ground water development in various districts is Bathinda 144.94 MCM, Faridkot 256.37 MCM, Ferozepur 974.55 MCM, Gurdaspur 450.83, Hoshiarpur 541.85 MCM, Ropar 264.13 MCM, Mansa 451.24 MCM, Muktsar 854.93 MCM, Nawanshahr 11.71 MCM.

Based on the ground water balance available in some blocks in the state, the number of additional shallow tubewells feasible has been depicted in the table. Thus additional shallow tubewells of about 50m depth and having a single line assembly of 150 to 200 mm diameter, can be constructed in the districts of Ropar, Hoshiarpur, Bathinda, Mansa, Muktsar, Faridkot, Ferozepur and Gurdaspur.

S.No	District	Utilizable GW Resources	Net Draft	G.W. Balance	%age of Development	Category
	Unit	MCM	MCM	MCM
1)	Amritsar	1611.54	1797.88	-186.34	111.6	Over exploited
2)	Bathinda	502.04	357.1	144.94	71.1	Grey
3)	Faridkot	530.74	265.37	265.37	50	White
4)	Fatehgarh Sb.	384.58	542.22	-157.64	141	Over exploited
5)	Ferozepur	2721.39	1746.84	974.55	64.2	White
6)	Gurdaspur	1544	1093.17	450.83	70.8	Grey
7)	Hoshiarpur	972.86	431.01	541.85	44.3	White
8)	Jalandhar	648.71	1280.15	-631.44	197.3	Over exploited
9)	Kapurthala	323.73	811.29	-487.56	250.6	Over exploited
10)	Ludhiana	1499.89	2044.94	-545.05	136.3	Over exploited
11)	Mansa	735.49	284.25	451.24	38.6	White
12)	Moga	426.77	1074.86	-648.09	251.8	Over exploited
13)	Muktsar	995.54	140.61	854.93	14.1	White
14)	Nawanshahr	396.48	384.77	11.71	97	Dark
15)	Patiala	1165.38	1443.43	-278.05	123.8	Over exploited
16)	Ropar	547.44	283.31	264.13	51.7	White
17)	Sangrur	1366.38	2120.75	-754.37	155.2	Over exploited
STATE TOTAL		16372.96	16101.95	271.01	98.3

In Punjab State, there are shallow and deep tubewells. The shallow tubewells for irrigation are owned by the individual farmers and operation & maintenance of deep tubewells for providing direct irrigation is with the Punjab State Tubewell Corporation. Some of the shallow tubewells are also owned by the private users for drinking/ industrial purposes (The figures not available). Deep tubewells for irrigation also have been got constructed by the farmers (Figures not available) and farmers societies. Besides this deep tubewells are also owned by the Public Health (R.W.S.) branch of P.W.D. and Municipal Corporation. The net area irrigated by shallow tubewells is 2.5 m ha and deep tubewells 1.6 m.ha. Shallow tubewells form the bulk of all ground water structures in the state. There are 9,95,950 shallow tubewells and 3162 deep tubewells (1647 irrigation wells and 1515 tubewells for rural water supply). The number of tubewells has a large variation over the state. Sangrur district has the largest number of ground water structures (1,09,156) and Muktsar the least (16,350). The density i.e. ground water structures per sq. km. also varies from area to area and it is largest for district Moga (38/sq.km.) and least for Muktsar district (6/sq.km.). The density of ground water structures is less than 10/sq.km. in Ropar, Bathinda and Muktsar districts, between 10-20 per sq.km. in Hoshiarpur, Gurdaspur, Amritsar, Faridkot and Ferozepur districts. In districts Kapurthala, Jalandhar, Nawanshahr, Ludhiana, Fatehgarh Sahib, Patiala and Sangrur it varies from 20-30 per sq.km.

The ground water resource for the state have been worked out on blockwise basis and categorised based on ground water development in the block.

TABLE- Block wise details of utilizable resource, net draft, level of development and category.

S.No.	District/ Block	Utilisable GW Res. Potential For Irrigation MCM	Net Draft MCM	Balance Irrigation Potential MCM	Level of GW dev. %as on 1/4/98	Category
AMRITSAR
1)	Patti	92.34	91.97	0.37	99.6	Dark
2)	Gandiwind	118.09	139.87	-21.78	118.44	O.E.
3)	Naushera Pannu	83.1	76.59	6.51	92.17	Dark
4)	Chogawan	151.5	127.05	24.45	83.86	Grey
5)	Rayya	91.08	127.42	-36.34	139.9	O.E.
6)	Ajnala	89.85	143.97	-54.12	160.2	O.E.
7)	Verka	108.19	108.81	-0.62	100.57	O.E.
8)	Taran taran	90.75	161.6	-70.85	178.1	O.E.
9)	Khadoor Sahib	121.41	109.47	11.94	90.1	Dark
10)	Valtoha	74.92	103.22	-28.3	137.77	O.E.
11)	Majitha	141.12	101.82	39.3	72.15	Grey
12)	Tarsika	83.66	106.37	-22.71	127.15	O.E.
13)	Chola Sahib	79.03	56.23	22.8	71.15	Grey
14)	Jandiala	79.64	100.46	-20.82	126.14	O.E.
15)	Bhikiwind	139.82	160.45	-20.63	114.75	O.E.
16)	Harsha Chhina	67.04	82.58	-15.54	123.18	O.E.
TOTAL		1611.54	1797.88	-186.34	111.56	O.E.
BATHINDA
1)	Rampura	92.19	64.92	27.27	70.42	Grey
2)	Talwandisabo	34.4	6.82	27.58	19.83	White
3)	Sangat	<